Question

[hellkiller1234]

Is Adama family in the show refer to 40 years later Commander of Galactica?

[thevarrior]

Yes, the son is Bill Adama and the father is Joseph Adama.

[hellkiller1234]

Ok... Here is what I do not get it...

Before the First Cylon war... All colonies are independent state.
So they must have military right?

And if the Military ships looks the same as every state have....

Which is also weird.. Cause on EARTH each countries have different military design....

So my question is the 12 colonies which is still an independent state as the same military design?

So how the heck fight each other. The design are the same and everything is the same... The outcome will be the same.

[Prolescum]

There's no evidence that the military establishments in Caprica are equal, nor that they each have the same level of technology. It's inferred that some, like Caprica, are more advanced so your point is moot.
I think you might be referring to the 'every Colony has its own battlestar', but this is in the future (the show's future, that is).